Jumat, 27 Juni 2014

TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2



Maria Yasinta Saktianingrum 3eb25/24211296

TOEFL Reading Test Structure
In the reading section of the TOEFL you are being tested on your ability to understand texts found in an academic setting. This means that you must have a large vocabulary and the capacity to understand complex ideas. Let's take a closer look at the TOEFL reading test structure and contents of the test, a test sample and some extra strategies and tips to help you improve.

Exam Content, Length, Time: Reading
The reading section of the TOEFL is comprised of 3 - 5 texts and 12 - 14 questions. You will read the texts and have between 60 - 100 minutes to answer. Each text is to be completed in 20 minutes.

Content Focus: Academic Reading Comprehension
You will read texts that test your comprehension of academic content at the university level. Expect to read the kinds of passages you find in textbooks. The test obviously is looking at your ability to read at an academic level. You can expect texts to appear on the test that are similar to the following:
• biographical information
• historical information
• descriptive
• argumentative
• exposition

What is expected of you when you read.
When you read the texts and answer the questions, the test is checking  to see if you can:
1 Find specific facts
2 Find specific answers
3 Understand the basic ideas in the text and overall subject matter
4 Learn new information by reading at an academic level

Can you prepare for this section of TOEFL?
Yes you can prepare and practice for the reading comprehension section. Do not worry about studying topics though. You do not need to already know the content. The test is NOT trying to see if you studied history, science, engineering or any other topic. The test IS trying to see if you can read in English at an advanced level with understanding.
You have the time needed to read passages and answer questions. Everything that is required of you is right there in the text. In this way, the preparation you need to focus on is language study.

How to prepare for the reading section for TOEFL: Quick Tips
1. Take many practice tests.
This will show you what the test is like. Your score will tell you what you need to study.
2. Time yourself on the practice tests.
When you write practice tests, you have 20 minutes for each one. Time yourself on some of them. This will give an idea about how quickly you need to read and answer questions.
3. Read widely!
You should be reading English often. To " read widely" simply means that you read about many things such as science, politics, geography, news and topics where you can expect to learn new words and phrases. Have you read BBC News online, The Lonely Planet online or The Guardian online? These are 3 sites to start with.
4. Boost your vocabulary.

Test Structure
This section of the TOEFL will provide you with 3 - 5 texts of about 700 words. There are about 12 -14 questions per text for you to answer. The test is 60 to 100 minutes in length.

Reading Content
The content of the texts are comprised of arguments, expositions and historical subjects. All of the texts are academic and so you should expect to read about things that one comes across at the college and university level. You do not need to have a background in history, science or any other subject. All the information you need to answer the questions properly is provided for you.

Question Types
You will read texts and be asked to look for the main idea in them. You need not know every vocabulary word in the texts. You will see words that you do not know but these definitions are often given to you in a helpful glossary. You are expected to be able to do the following:
• Read a text and learn from it
• Read a text and understand it in a general way
• Read a text and locate specific information and facts

Test Sample
The very best way to relax about this section of the test is to have a look at a sample of the exam itself. This way you will know what to expect.

Reading Strategies
To prepare for this test section you should read often, read about many subjects and use a vocabulary journal to keep track of your new words. It is really important to read topics like the news, science, geography, and  politics. Ensure the level of English is advanced.

Quick Tips
• Ensure that you take practice tests. Get them marked by a teacher. Find out what your score is as soon as possible. Compare this score to the score you need to get on the real TOEFL test.
• If you get a  low score on the test then ask your teacher for suggestions about what to read.
• Reading books, magazines, and news sites online like The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Guardian are a good start.






EXAMPLE:
PASSAGE
WOMEN BUSINESSES
Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, business owned by women account for more than $ 40 bilion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Bussiness Administration, has noted, “ The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur.
What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “ In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they have found out that isn’t going to happen, so they go out their own.”
In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66,9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their own business fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in rasing money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most business owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

QUESTION
1.       What is the main idea of this passage?
A.      Women today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive to business world.
B.      The computer is especially lucrative for women today.
C.      Women are better at small businesses than men are.
D.      Women today are opening more businesses of their own.
Answer : D
2.       The world “excluded” in line 9 is closest in meaning to
A.      Not permitted in
B.      Often invited to
C.      Decorators of
D.      Charged admission to
Answer : A
3.       All the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business world EXCEPT
A.      Women were required to stay at home with their families.
B.      Women lacked ability to work in business
C.      Women faced discrimination in business
D.      Women were not trained in business.
Answer : B
4.       In line 11, “that” refers to
A.      A woman becomes chairman of the board.
B.      Women working hard
C.      Women achieving advanced degrees
D.      Women believing that business is a place for them
Answer : A
5.       According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in the 1970s
A.      Were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management
B.      Were still more interested in education than business opportunities
C.      Had fewer obstacles in business than they do today.
D.      Were unable to work hard enough to succed in business
Answer : A
6.       The author mentions the “shoebox under the bed” in the third paragraph in order to
A.      Show the frugality of women in business
B.      Show the resourcefulness os Sandra Kurtzig
C.      Point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurzig’s business were limited
D.      Suggest that the company needed to expand
Answer ; C
7.       In line 13, the world “this” refers to
A.      Women becoming entrepreneurs
B.      Women buying cosmetics and clothing
C.      Women working in “women’s fields”
D.      Women staying at home.
Answer : C
8.       The expression “keep tabs on” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
A.      Recognize
B.      Keep records of
C.      Provide transportation for
D.      Pay the salaries of
Answer ; B
9.       The word “hurdles” in line 22 can be best replaced by
A.      Fences
B.      Obstacles
C.      Questions
D.      Small groups
Answer : B
10.   It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that businesses operated by women are small because
A.      Women prefer a small intimate setting
B.      Women can’t deal with money
C.      Women are not able to borrow money easily
D.      Many women fail at large businesses.
Answer ; C

Sumber:
Upgrade Toefl Score; Penyunting, Anggia Eka.-Cet.1.- Jakarta: Cmedia, 2012.